Related background
With the economic and social development and the substantial improvement of material consumption level, the production of domestic waste in China has increased rapidly, and the potential environmental hazards have become increasingly prominent, which has become a constraining factor for the development of new urbanization. Following the principles of reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness, the implementation of domestic waste classification can effectively improve the urban and rural environment, promote the recycling of resources, accelerate the construction of "two-oriented society", and improve the quality of new urbanization and the level of ecological civilization construction. So far, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Construction jointly issued the Implementation Plan of Domestic Waste Classification System, which requires that the compulsory classification of garbage and the collaboration of the two networks be promoted in accordance with local reality. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Construction jointly promulgated the Implementation Plan of Domestic Waste Classification System.
By the end of 2020, the relevant laws, regulations and standards system of waste classification will be basically established, and a duplicate and popularizable classification model of domestic waste will be formed. In the cities where the compulsory classification of domestic waste is implemented, the utilization rate of domestic waste recycling will reach more than 35%.
The compulsory classification of domestic waste shall be implemented in the urban areas of municipalities directly under the Central Government, provincial capitals, cities with separate plans and the first batch of demonstration cities for domestic waste classification. By the end of 2017, measures will be formulated to refine the relevant requirements for garbage classification.
Establish a collection and transportation system matched with classified varieties, a recycling system coordinated with the utilization of renewable resources, improve the terminal treatment facilities connected with waste classification, and explore the establishment of a waste synergistic disposal and utilization base to ensure the integration of classified collection and transportation, recovery, utilization and treatment facilities.
Solutions
I. Technical overview
The scheme will adopt vertical gravity or vertical gravity + horizontal garbage pipeline classification and collection system and vacuum garbage pipeline collection system based on scientific, intelligent, efficient, low carbon and environmental protection design concept.
The scheme collects and classifies non-recyclable garbage, recyclable garbage and toxic and harmful garbage, realizes scientific collection in real sense, reuses useful resources, and reduces the direct pollution of toxic and harmful substances to the environment.
II. Scheme Thought
The scheme will set up different garbage collection solutions according to different height buildings and different functional buildings. The similarity is that no matter which solution is adopted, garbage sorting and collection can be realized. Specifically:
For low-rise buildings, outdoor garbage cans are used for sorting collection, and garbage is regularly cleaned by garbage trucks, or outdoor garbage cans are directly connected to groundwater level garbage pipeline network by vacuum centralized collection.
Vertical gravity or vertical gravity + horizontal garbage pipeline classification and collection system or vacuum garbage pipeline collection system are used for middle and high-rise buildings.
III. Programme Contents
3.1 Vertical or Vertical Gravity + Horizontal Garbage Collection System
Vertical gravity or vertical gravity + horizontal garbage pipeline classification and collection system will run through the whole building, that is, from the basement of the building to the top of the building, vertical pipeline will be installed, garbage gate will be installed on each floor (open by swipe card, etc.), exhaust pipe and exhaust fan will be installed at the top of the pipeline, independent exhaust pipe will be installed at the side of the pipeline, garbage discharge device will be installed at the bottom of the pipeline (e.g. The whole system will adopt electronic control to realize the intelligence, environmental protection and safety of the system.
System structure:
Workflow：
System functions:
Vertical gravity or vertical gravity + horizontal garbage pipeline classification and collection system can realize garbage delivery and transmission, independent collection of toxic and harmful garbage, independent collection of recyclable garbage, card swiping or password opening, pipeline cleaning, deodorization and disinfection, garbage automatic compression, automatic alarm and clearance, system control linkage, fire alarm and so on.
3.2 Waste Battery Collection Scheme
Vertical gravity or vertical gravity + horizontal garbage pipeline sorting and collection system will set up an independent open waste battery collection device above each garbage dump door (or outdoor garbage bin). Users can temporarily store waste batteries in this device to avoid the problem of serious environmental pollution caused by throwing waste at the same time with ordinary garbage.
3.3 Recyclable Garbage Call Collection System
Some recyclable items, such as cartons, beverage bottles and scrap metal products, can be put into the recycling device by the user, and the call recovery button can be activated. The system will automatically call the relevant personnel for recyclable garbage disposal. This equipment system is located near the garbage gate (or outdoor garbage bin) to facilitate users to classify and dispose of garbage.
3.4 Outdoor Garbage Cans Collection Scheme
For low-rise buildings, outdoor garbage cans are classified and collected. The garbage is cleaned and transported regularly by garbage trucks or directly connected to the underground horizontal garbage pipeline network by vacuum centralized collection.
3.5 Vacuum Garbage Collection System
Vacuum garbage collection system is composed of vertical pipeline, horizontal underground pipeline network, garbage temporary storage device, vacuum unit, garbage compressor and electronic control system. Users put garbage at the outlet, under the function of vacuum unit, first transfer garbage temporary storage device from the pipeline, and then compress it to the garbage compressor.
Vacuum garbage collection system refers to the process that domestic garbage is pumped to the central garbage collection station by negative pressure technology through pre-laid pipeline system, and then transported by garbage truck to the garbage disposal site. This negative pressure pneumatic collection system is a self-contained collection system, which is composed of a dump channel, a channel valve pipeline, a mechanical center, a collection and transfer station and so on. The working principle is that the end of the collecting system is equipped with an induction fan machine, when the fan is running, the negative pressure is formed inside and outside the whole system, which makes the pressure difference inside and outside the pipeline, and the air is sucked into the pipeline; at the same time, the garbage is brought into the pipeline by the air and transported to the separator, where the garbage is separated from the air; the separated garbage is discharged by the unloader, and the air is sent to the dust collector for purification, and ,。
In the building, a garbage disposal outlet will be set up on each floor, close to the garbage disposal outlet, and a vertical garbage pipeline will be set up. At the bottom, a garbage discharge valve will be connected with a horizontal pipeline embedded in the ground, leading to a sealed central collection station. Various kinds of garbage produced every day are put into the garbage dumping port and into the vertical garbage pipeline. When the garbage reaches a certain amount, the central console issues the instruction to start working. The exhaust device in the garbage station starts automatically, and produces negative pressure airflow in the horizontal pipeline. The system automatically opens the garbage discharge valve at the bottom of the vertical garbage pipeline, and the garbage stored at the top of the valve is absorbed. The underground pipeline network is transported to the central collection station for separation of waste gas and solid. The gas part is discharged after efficient treatment, while the solid waste is compressed and transported to the garbage tank, and then transported to the garbage treatment plant for incineration, power generation or landfill treatment.
Overall operation
In the use of vertical gravity or vertical gravity + horizontal garbage pipeline classification and collection system, each user opens the door with a card or password, and puts garbage into the underground garbage collection room for unified collection and treatment, which is more convenient, faster and more intelligent. At the same time, outdoor garbage cans can also be cleaned and transported promptly by the cleaning truck or directly connected to the underground horizontal garbage pipeline network by outdoor garbage cans. Vacuum centralized collection and treatment, separate collection of toxic and harmful garbage and separate collection of recyclable garbage fully reflect its overall operation mode of environmental protection, recyclability and scientificity.
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